Method of heating and ventilating buildings.



G. E. BEBRY.

'METHOD 0F HEATING ANI) VBNTILATING BUILDINGS.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 7, 1912.

1,069, 1 O3, Patented Aug. 5, 1913.

vUrurnny 'STAT-'Es PATENT OFFICE.

CLINTON E. BEEBY, OF BOCKFORD, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-THIRD `T0 JOHNMCLEE AND ONE-THIRD T0 JOHNF. DEUEL, BOTH OF ROCKFORD, ILLINOIS.

METHOD or" HEATING AND vENTIIiATIvG BUILDINGS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 5,1913.

Application filed May 7, 1912. Serial No. 695,745.

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, CLINTON E. BEERY, a citizen of the United States,residing at Rockford, in the county of Winnebago and the State' ofIllinois, have invented certain new'and useful Improvements in MethodsVof Heating and Ventilating Buildings, of

which the following is a specicatiom l The object of this invention Aisto provide a method of heating and Ventilating 'a room or building sothat a uniform disand shall be free from lateral air currents; vtheheating ofthe room being effected by indirectly heating the supply ofincoming breathing air and by directly heating the stratum of air at theupper portion of the room. f

yThe further object of this invention is to maintain a uniformtemperature in the 'upper stratum of air in the room by means of directradiation, and to supply to the room at a central point or at centralpoints and immediately below this upper stratum and above thebreathing'zone, pure heated air of a slightly lower temperature thanthat of the u per stratum, and which is increasing in ensity at themoment. of discharge, thereby presenting a breathin zone of pure anduniformly heated air wlthout .perceptible currents of air, by creatingan imperceptible movement of the air in only one direction and thatdownward to exlts at the1 base of the room.

The' further object of this invention 1s to maintain, without creatingperceptible drafts of air currents and with a minimum of difference intemperature between the air 1n the upper stratum of the room and thep0rtions of the room below such stratum,`a umform tem erature in pureair at a glven distance breathing zone) .from the floor, in all portionsof the room, where mechanical ventilation to sup ly large quantities ofair is desirable, sucli as assembly halls, school rooms, etc. A

The further object is, to minimize both 4the supply Vof incomingbreathing air and the temperature at which said air shall be heated, bythe maintaining of a stratum of air at the upper portion or `ceiling ofthe room at a higher degree of uniform temperature'4 ing air.

These objects are `attained with 'the oooperation of mechanical meansfor heating the air by both direct and indirect radiation andmaintaining a forced supply of breaththan that of the incoming breath-.l

ing air and a forced exhaust thereof. In

the upper portion of the roomand at a distance from the ceilingfislocated a direct heating device which maintains the upper stratum of airin the room heated at a uniform temperature. Fresh air taken from theoutside atmosphere is heated by indirect means and forced by mechanicalmeans through ducts -to a distributing dome or plurality of domeslocated at points below the upper stratumof heated air, the dome beingvadapted to distribute this heated breathing air of a lower temperaturethan that ofthe upper stratum, to all points of the room and above thebreathing level of the room. The breathing air thus evenly distributedover the breathing zone will pass downward through saidzone and pass outof the room at exits located at or adjacent the Hoor level and below thebreathing zone;

this downward discharge of air-being the result of the forced supply ofair, the change yof density of the incoming air aEected by the heatedstratum of upper air, and the particular location of the exits'themselves. A

In the accompanying drawings: Figure l isa vertical section inperspective showing the arrangement-of apparatus of my improved methodof heating and Ventilating rooms or apartments. Fig. 2is an elevation ofthe air admitting dome. Fig. 3 is ,an underface representation of thedome. Fig. 4 is a vertical section through the dome.

At Fig. 1 is shown 'the basement of a compartment and a room locatedover the basement. Within the basement are located the indirect meansfor heating the air in its passage from the `outside to the room andcomprises the ltemperinlg stack 1, a fan or blower 2, and a reheater 3.The fan or blower passes a portion of the air through the re-heater anda portion below the reheater. The partition 4 separates' the airdelivered by the fan or blower, and the dempers 5 and 6, are operatedautomatically by a thermostat not shown placed in the room to be heated.The mixed air is conducted by a conduit 7 to the center of theceilinglof the room tobe heated, and to its depending' portion 8 isconnected an air distributing dome which. may be of a suitableconstruction, here shown as a dome comprising an inverted cone 9 to theinside of which are secured radial partitions 10. A small inverted cone11 is located at the apeX of the partitions, and a screen 12 eX- tendsfrom this cone to the end of the partitions.

'lhe air distributing dome above described is located either in thecenter of the room or in the center of a predetermined zone, throughwhich the air is to be passed.

Radiators furnishing direct heating means are suspended from the ceilingof the room to be heated'and are located some distance from the walls ofthe room. Heat'is supplied to the radiators in any suitable manner, andin this instance connections are made with the piping of 'the temperingstack 1 supplying steam.l 'lhe roomv is provided with air outlets 14located at or adjacent the Hoor level of the room.

The operation of the apparatus and method of heating and Ventilating isas fol# lows: rlhe temperature at which the breathing air is to beadmitted and at which the upper stratum` of air is to be maintained,varies proportionally of course, according to the outside temperatureand must be regulated thermostatically. Also it must be understood thatthe doors and windows are not to be left operi while the heating andVentilating rocess is in operation, as this would inter ere with thefunctions of the several devices. To get an understanding ofthe relativetemperatures at the various points in the System, it will be presumedthat the outside temperature is 2 degrees below zero. The direct heatingmeans furnished by the radiators suspended from the ceiling may besupplied with heat by either steam, hot-water 'or electricity, and inthis instance will maintain the upper stratum of air at a temperature ofabout 7 8. Fresh air is drawn from the outside atmosphere through theltempering stack l, a portion thereof forced through the reheater 3 andthrough duct 7 to be discharged from-the dome which is located justbelow the upper stratum of air, this air being discharged at about 73.rlhe radial partitions in the dome divide the air sovthat it "will bedistributed evenly over the floor area of the room and above thebreathing zone. Since the velocity of the incoming heated air isdownward, this downward movement will be further maintained because ofthe upper bank of warmer air and also because of the changing density ofthe air as itencounters the colderN lower portions of theroom, thusLocator.

maintaining the temperature at the breathing zone 'at about 68 or 70.Furthermore, the passage of the breathing' air through the breathingzone is downward at all points 1n the room and free from any perceptiblelateral currents, thus giving an absolute sense of propprtion in thetemperature and supply of theair. The air is then discharged below thebreathing zone through exits at or adjacent the floor level of the room.p

lt will be seen that with the passage of the air always downward at thebreathing zone, fresh breathing air is insured to every individual andthere is no passage of vitiated air from one person to another as in thecommonly used system where the plan is mostly lateral distribution,

It is evident that the nearer the temperature of the admitted air is tothe temperature of the air required for use at the breathing zone, thebetter will be the quality of the breathing air. Without the upperstratum of heated air, the breathing air would haveto be heated to amuch higher temperature in order to heat the room and a much greatervolume 'of air admitted, furthermore, a very unsatisfactory system ofheating and ventilation would result. lin my improved method the upperbank of heated air, through radiation, co-acts in heating the room,minimizes the Atemperature to which the breathing air must be heated,and diminishes the amount of space in the room to be heated andventilated to a minimum. 'lo further perfect the method, of down warduniform distribution of air through the breathing zone it is necessarythat the exits shall be spaced proportionally about the room at the ioorlevel, and shall have equal resistances/ to the inside pressure of air.lt is evident that with unequal resistances there' will be a slightlateral shift in the downwardmovement of air and toward the exit oftheleast resistance. l claim as my invention:

1. The method of heating and Ventilating a room or building, whichconsists inmain taining the uppermost stratum of air therein in a heatedcondition, introducing a warm air supply at a temperature lower thanthat of the, stratum, into the upper portion of the room adjacent tosaid stratum, causing said air supply to pass downward from the heatedstratum to the lower portion of the room, and removing said air fromsaid lower portion.

2. The method ofk heating and ventilating a room or building, whichconsists 1n maintaining the uppermost stratum of air therein in a heatedcondition, introducing a warm air supply at a temperature lower thanthat of the stratum, into the upper portion of the room adjacent to saidstratum, did'using said air supply along the under side of the saidstratum, causing said diffused air supply to pass downward from the aroom or building, which consists in maintaining the uppermost stratum ofair therein in a heated condition, introducing a warm air supply at atemperature lower than that of the stratum, into the upper portion ofthe room adjacent to the said stratum and centrally of a predeterminedzone thereof, diffusing said air supply along the Y under side oft-hesaid stratuln, causing said dllused air supply to pass downward from 15the heated stratum to the lower portion of the room, and removing saidyair from said lower portion.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in Jpresence of twosubscribing 20 witnesses. l

CLINTONE. BEERY.

Witnesses:

A. O. BEHEL,

E. D; N. BEHEL

